(MWP1 Precis 7)

In his paper ”ANABOLIC STEROIDS” (n/a) Robert D. Daigle, M.D.* asserts that steroids will ultimately destroy your health and personality if taken. The author constructs his claims by displaying countless diseases caused by steroids; he also emphasizes on the negative psychological effects that result in steroid use. The intended purpose for writing this paper is to finalize any possible truth or debates about steroids cause and effect. The audience for this article is that of educated stature; more often college students or professional athletes’.

URL: https://www.cnsproductions.com/pdf/Daigle.pdf

MLA Citation:

Robert D. Daigle, M.D.*, ”ANABOLIC STEROIDS” (n/a). web. 16 February 2012

(MWP1 Precis 6)

In his article, “Vocabularies of motive for illicit steroid use among Bodybuilders” (2002) Lee F. Monaghan* interprets the use of language and slang by bodybuilders to justify their actions and morals. Monaghan does so by analyzing the symbology and social stature amateur bodybuilders place upon the steroids that they use to increase their physical stature. Although a very interesting article, the purpose of this article is not to entertain a person’s thoughts but rather, enlighten them to un explored depths of the unknown. The intended audience for this article is that of politically involved or common wealth people.

URL: http://www.afboard.com/library/Vocabularies%20of%20motive%20for%20illicit%20steroid%20use%20among%20bodybuilders.pdf

MLA Citation:

 Monaghan, Lee F.” Vocabularies of motive for illicit steroid use among Bodybuilders” (2002). Social Science & Medicine 55 (2002) 695–708. Text book. 16 February 2012

(MWP1 Precis 5)

In their analysis “High-Dose Anabolic Steroids in Strength Athletes: Effects upon Hostility and Aggression” (1990), P. Y. L. CHOI,’” A. C. PARROTT’ and D. COWAN* imply that some of the many psychological effects incurred by anabolic-androgenic steroids are increased hostility, increased confidence while also improving physical strength and muscle mass.  The authors support such claims with selective charts that display the extreme difference between users pre and post drug use. The purpose for writing such an intriguing article is to connect on a personal level with scholarly people. The intended audience as such is also doctorate level professors in college with knowledge on the subject.

URL: http://psy.swansea.ac.uk/staff/parrott/ChoiParrottCowan1990AnabolicSteroidHumPsychopharm.pdf

MLA Citation:

P. Y. L. CHOI,’” A. C. PARROTT’ and D. COWAN* “High-Dose Anabolic Steroids in Strength Athletes: Effects upon Hostility and Aggression” (1990). HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, VOL 5,349-356. Book. 16 February 2012

(MWP1 Precis 4)

In their article “Personality Profile of Men Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids” (1996), Niklas Galligani, Annika Renck, and Stefan Hansen imply that anabolic-androgenic steroids have an addictive effect; they also cause other harmful side effects. They establish clarity on the matter by use of social charts and influence; past drug users and other variables accounted to the research. The purpose for writing this article is to display potential motives and health effects that come with taking steroids. The intended audience for this piece is for people with an interest in possible elements that increase aggression within the human apparatus.

URL: http://www.afboard.com/library/Personality%20profile%20of%20men%20using%20anabolic%20androgenic%20steroids.pdf

MLA Citation:

Niklas Galligani, Annika Renck, Stefan Hansen “Personality Profile of Men Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids” (1996). Go¨teborg University, Sweden. Article No. 0021. book. 16 February 2012

(MWP1 Precis 3)

In their article “Symptoms and correlates of anabolic-androgenic

steroid dependence” (1991), Kirk J. Brower, Frederic C. Blow, James P. Young

& Elizabeth M. HILL project assumptions and claims that body size and personal intentions are a few good reasons that may kick start steroid dependence. The authors strengthen their claims by providing good statistical analysis; while doing so they also displayed superior ethos and logos within their article; by doing so, their credibility was drastically improved. The purpose of this article is to analyze a growing problem of steroid dependence and other psychological effects on a molecular base. The intended audience for this piece is a more experienced crowd within the fields of steroid abuse.

URL: http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73678/1/j.1360-0443.1991.tb03101.x.pdf

MLA Citation:

Kirk J. Brower, Blow, James P. Young, Hill “Symptoms and correlates of anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence” (1991). British Journal of Addiction (1991) 86, 759-768. Book. 16 February 2012

(MWP1 Precis 2)

In their scholarly paper “Pursuit of the muscular ideal: Physical and psychological

Consequences and putative risk factors” (2004), Guy Cafria, J. Kevin Thompsona,*, Lina Ricciardellib, Marita McCabeb, Linda Smolakc, Charles Yesalisc assert that there are numerous variables that cause a drive for muscularity in males. The authors support these claims by stating countless ways people change their body such as, steroids, eating disorders, and ephedrine. The authors purpose for writing this scholarly paper is to inform people about the drastic measures people take to improve their dissatisfaction; this article could also be projected towards people with hobby for bodybuilding. The intended audience for this piece of literature is someone who has an in depth interest in the subject of body images and the different aspects that construct the dilemma.

URL: http://jkthompson.myweb.usf.edu/articles/Pursuit%20of%20the%20Muscular%20Ideal.pdf

MLA Citation:

Guy Cafria, Thompsona,*, Ricciardellib, McCabeb, Smolakc. “Pursuit of the muscular ideal: Physical and psychological Consequences and putative risk factors” Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-8200, United States Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia

cKenyon College, Pennsylvania State University, United States. 2004. Article 14 February 2012

MWP1 Thesis

World wide there is an epidemic of dissatisfaction amongst young males with their body image, which results in them confiding in steroids and other drastic measures to improve their image; it is apparant that while these extreme efforts improve their image, it also destroys their health.

MWP1 questions

Why is are males found to be more dissatisfied with their body images? What are the possible ways to counter the negative effects of professional fitness athletes thinking structures? What is being done to cause these counter productive ways of thinking? Will there ever be clinics to help those with the negative disorders? Would a wider survey bring different results?  Could the un believable amount of stress also have an effect on the athletes? Is this a global epidemic or just a international problem? Is professional athlete management also to blame for these psychological problems? What are the other possible physical side effects of the disorders? When is a potential cure going to be available? Why are these professional athletes not allowed to pursue their craft to the fullest extent without intervention?

(MWP1 Precis 1)

In their article, "Individual differences in male body-image: An examination of self-objectification in

recreational body builders" (2005), Lisa Hallsworth, Tracey Wade* and Marika Tiggemann create an in depth analysis of the many effects of Body imaging. The many author's suggest that Professional athletes whether male or female, who's sport is reliant upon the bodies appearance, are more likely to develop disorders that further more harm the bodies essential functions and health than those people who are not professional athletes. They support the many claims with plausible formulas to determine the disappointments that men have within their body images. The intended audience for this particular article is for people with an avid interest in body building.

URL:

http://socsci.flinders.edu.au/psyc/staff/TraceyWade/Publications/Individual%20differences%20in%20male%20body-image.pdf

MLA Citation:

Hallsworth, Lisa, Wade, Tracey* and Tiggemann, Marika "Individual differences in male body-image: An examination of self-objectification in recreational body builders" (2005) British Journal of Health Psychology (2005), 10, 453–465. web. 15 February 2012

Chapter Seven Precis

In chapter seven of "Good Reasons: Researcing and Writing Effective Arguments" (2012) authors Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer suggest that there are multiple tacticts to use your argument successfully. The authors develop their own personal argument by identifying many minute details that few people would think to use as plausible arguments within an academic setting. The authors purpose for writing this particular chapter is to remind people to slow down and use overlooked information in their own experiences as possible arguments. The intended audience for this chapter is college level students with a basic knowledge of writing arguments.

Chapter Four Precis

In chapter four of "Good Reasons: Researching and Writing Effective Arguments" (2012), authors Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer imply that the easiest way to make an arguement effective is to revise it and define wether it is arguable. In doing so, they suggest that first you must define wether or not your thesis is focused and arguable. Once that has been established you must then revise your argument and evaluate it so that it is easily to relate to with a common knowledge. The authors purpose for writing this chapter is to show the personal depth of interest in your own work that is required to make an argument successful. The intended audience for this article is freshman level students in college.

Digital Sampling and Fair Use

            In the article “Beyond Fair Use” (2011) University of Cornell Law, the authors implied various techniques in which freedom and piracy may be combated. As such the very same arguments are made within the radio interview that was on digital sampling of musical pieces. Within the scholarly article, there are four implications to the foundation of fair use. The first implication is to define the purpose and character. The second is the nature of copyrighted work. The third is the amount and substantiality of reproduced parts. The Fourth and final implication is the impact of use. These four implications alone are amidst the very most dire and desperate arguments and verbal war fare that is ongoing seemingly without much public acknowledgement. Although these implications should be of most high regard and importance, during the radio interview the only implication that seemed to have much impact is that of implication four. These defensive stances that record labels and other companies have dawned attribute them with an invincible greed mentality. Although within the scholarly article of “Beyond Fair Use” (2011), it was shown that many people have tried to avoid potential career ending threats by retaliating with arguments of increasing creativity and imagination.

Sampling and Plagerising

During this digital age, pirates are thought to be an ancient way of life that we learn about through bed time stories. This is clearly not the case as the radio interview we heard in class and the plagiarizing article state. Instead of stealing treasure from ships and attacking people with swords on epic war ships, people all over the world are stealing songs, pieces of songs and claiming other academic works as their own. During the radio interview, the show host and his guests combated constant opinions on whether or not remixing a famous song is considered art or piracy. The same arguments are being made and vainly used in an attempt to mask the lazy antics of students nationwide when it comes to creating an honest scholarly article. Within the plagiarism article is plethora of attacks towards those individuals with no morals or work ethic. The universities are constantly combating the plagiarism and blatant disrespect that comes with that offence. Unlike the devastating seriousness of plagiarism, the remixes discussed in the radio interview are thought of as creativity at its finest instead of a criminal act by those who do it. The only opposition that the covering artists have is those people in which only desire to make as much money as possible from the products. The main argument against those artists who create the remixes is none other than the fact that they potentially jeopardize the musical integrity and quality of the original artist’s track. To many people it seems a feeble excuse to stop the endless ocean of imagination that lies within those who create masterpieces from all of those around them. Like many disagreements in this world, who owns what is a seemingly un ending contradiction that will always plague those with a love and desire to pursue something with no remorse.

Chapter Three Precis

In their book “Good Reasons”  , authors Lest Faigley and Jack Selzer show the true depth of analysis that is required to make a valid and effective argument possible. The process in which the authors construct an undeniable argument through evidence, counter objection and sufficiency build a foundation of support in order to have the best argument that could possibly be attained is astounding. The intended audience for this particular chapter in the book is for writers or researchers who are looking to increase their standpoints during colossal disputes.

Chapter Two Precis

In their book “Good Reasons”  , authors Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer display the necessity of critical analysis in Chapter two of the book. They support the argument by explaining effective process’s to analyze scholarly articles and other academic articles. The purpose of the chapter in the book is to strengthen an amateur writers ability to break down arguments and determine the validation of them. The probably audience for this chapter is freshman or sophomore level students in college.